Were the disciples told to go to Galilee or to stay in Jerusalem?
Hard question · The death and resurrection of Jesus · raised by 4 of the lists sceptics circulate
See the passages joined in the interactive mapThe passages
Jesus to the women: “go tell my brethren that they go into Galilee, and there shall they see me.”
Then said Jesus unto them, Be not afraid: go tell my brethren that they go into Galilee, and there shall they see me.
The angel: “he goeth before you into Galilee: there shall ye see him”.
But go your way, tell his disciples and Peter that he goeth before you into Galilee: there shall ye see him, as he said unto you.
Jesus: “tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high.”
And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you: but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high.
Jesus “commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father”.
And, being assembled together with them, commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which, saith he, ye have heard of me.
The objection
In Matthew and Mark the disciples are told on Easter morning to go to Galilee to meet the risen Jesus. In Luke and Acts Jesus tells them to stay in Jerusalem until they receive power from on high. Critics say the disciples cannot have been ordered both to leave Jerusalem and to stay there.
The answer
The two commands belong to different points in the forty days between the resurrection and the ascension (Acts 1:3). On Easter morning the angel, and then Jesus himself, sent word that the disciples should go to Galilee to meet him, as he had promised before his death (Matthew 26:32; Mark 14:28). They did go: John tells of Jesus meeting seven of them by the Sea of Tiberias (John 21:1–14), and Matthew of the meeting on the mountain (Matthew 28:16–20). But they did not set off at once: they were still in Jerusalem that evening and a week later (John 20:19, 26), perhaps because the feast of unleavened bread lasted seven days.
The order to stay in Jerusalem came at the end of the forty days. Acts, by the same author as Luke’s Gospel, places it at a last meeting shortly before the ascension, when the disciples were back in Jerusalem, and gives its purpose: they were to wait there for the Holy Spirit, who came about ten days later at Pentecost (Acts 1:4–5; 2:1). Luke 24:49 gives the same command in his Gospel’s brief closing summary of those weeks. So Jesus first sent the disciples to Galilee, and later, when they had returned to Jerusalem, told them not to leave it until the Spirit came.
From the classic commentators
went away into Galilee: not directly, as soon as the women had delivered their message; for Christ appeared to them the same day at Jerusalem; and so he did at the same place that week; see John 20:19, but some time, after this they went together into GalileeJohn Gill, Exposition of the Bible, on Matthew 28 (1746–1763)
Sources
- John Gill, Exposition of the Bible: Matthew 28 (1746–1763), at Bible Hub
- John Gill, Exposition of the Bible: Luke 24 (1746–1763), at Bible Hub
- Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible: Matthew 28 (1832), at Bible Hub